Measles(red)

= MEASLES ( RED ) = =1. **Description**=
 * - An infection of the respiratory system caused by paramyxovirus **
 * - Round-shaped and 150~300nm in diameter **
 * - Causes not only measles, but also mumps, [|bronchiolitis] , and [|pneumonia]  in human body **
 * - Usually a benign infection **
 * //- //Responsible for deaths of children 6 months to 10 years old**


 * Image of paramyxovirus**


 * Structure of Paramyxovirus -The genome of measles virus contains 15,894 base pairs **
 * which code at least 6 protein products including nucleocapsid protein, phosphoprotein, **
 * matrix protein, fusion protein, hemagglutinin protein and large polymerase. **

=2.**Viral Specificity:**=

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Enters the host by respiration and remains contagious on infected surfaces for up to 2 hours ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Travels to the back of the throat, lungs, and then to other parts of the body ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Reproduces in cytoplasm of the host cell during the 8 to 12 days of incubation period before symptoms begin **

=**3.Symptoms and progression of the disease:**=

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Rash on the inner cheek on the second or third day, which later extends to the body and extremities ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A cough due to bronchitis produced by the inflammation of the mucous membranes **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Rhinitis, drowsiness, loss of appetite, gradual elevation of temperature for the first 2 days **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The temperature drop in uncomplicated cases 5 days after the appearance of the rash **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Common complications: diarrhoea, vomiting, eye infection (conjunctivitis), and inflammation of the voice box (laryngitis) **


 * The measles rash**

=**4.Common Methods of Transmission:**= <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Spread through respiration (i.e. coughing and sneezing) ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Transmittable any time from 4 days prior to the onset of the rash to 4 days after the onset **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Measles virus spreads through respiration (i.e.coughing) **

=5.Treatment and Prevention:= **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Combination measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Combination measles-mumps-rubella-vericella(MMRV) vaccine **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Antipruritic medication and tepid sponde baths as ordered **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">If potentially infectious, limit contact with others, avoid public transportation, and call ahead before visiting a clinique **

=**6.Miscellaneous:**= <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">**-** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Began in the 7th century A.D. ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Described by Rhazes, a Persian philosopher and physician, as “more dreaded than smallpox” in the 10th century A.D. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Used to be an expected life event for everyone **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">In 2002, number six on list of leading causes of death worldwide due to the infectious disease (611,000 death) **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">More than 95% of measles deaths occur in low-income countries **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">- <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">In 2007, only 197,000 measles deaths globally **



=**7.Resources accessed:**=
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